CARSTENSZ PYRAMID

Puncak Jaya or the Carstensz Pyramid (4884 m) is the highest peak of Mount Carstensz (/ k?rst?ns /) in the Sudirman Range of the western central highlands of Papua province, Indonesia (in the Puncak Jaya regency). Another Summit East Carstensz Peak (4808 m), Sumantri (4855 m) and Ngga Pulu (4863). Other names included in the language Nemangkawi Amungkal, and Mount Carstensz Toppen Sukarno.

At 4884 meters (16,024 feet) above sea level, Puncak Jaya is the highest mountain in Indonesia, the highest on the island of New Guinea (which comprises Indonesia West Papua region plus Papua New Guinea), the highest of Oceania (Australia continent), and the highest mountain -5 politics in Southeast Asia. It is also the highest point between the Himalayas and the Andes, and the highest island peak in the world. Some sources claim Mount Wilhelm, 4509 m (14 793 ft), the highest peak in Oceania, because Indonesia is a part of Asia (Southeast Asia).

DISCOVERY
Peaks surrounding the plateau inhabited before European contact, and the peak known as Nemangkawi in Amungkal. Puncak Jaya was named "Carstensz Pyramid" after the Netherlands Jan Carstenszoon explorer who first sighted the glaciers on top of the mountain on a rare clear day in 1623. Verified sightings go for more than two centuries, and Carstensz was ridiculed in Europe when he said he had seen snow near the equator. The name is still used among mountaineers. The snowfield of Puncak Jaya reached in early 1909 by a Dutch explorer, Hendrik Lorentz Albert with six of his native Kenyah porters recruited from Apo Kayan Dayak in Kalimantan. The predecessor of the Lorentz National Park, which includes the Carstensz Range, founded in 1919 following reports of the expedition.

CLIMBING HISTORY
In 1936 the Dutch Carstensz Expedition, was not able to establish for sure which of the three is the highest peak, trying to climb each. Anton Colijn, Jean Jacques Dozy and Frits Wissel achieve both East Carstensz glacier covered and Pulu Guns summit on Dec. 5, but with the bad weather failed in their attempt to climb Carstensz Pyramid naked. Due to widespread melting of snow Guns Pulu has been a 4862 m peak of the child, but it has been estimated that by the year 1936 (when it was still covered mountain glacier 13 km sq., see map) Guns Pulu is the highest peak, reaching more than 4,900 m.

Now the highest summit of Carstensz Pyramid is not up until 1962, by an expedition led by the Austrian mountaineer Heinrich Harrer (of Seven Years in Tibet fame, and climbers of the Eiger North Face) with three other expedition members - Philip Temple, Russell and Albert Kippax Huizenga. Temple, from New Zealand, previously led a pioneering expedition to the area and access route to the mountains.

When Indonesia controlled the province in 1963, the peak was renamed 'peak of Sukarno' (Modern Indonesia: Sukarno Peak) or Sukarno Peak, after the first President of Indonesia, is then converted to Puncak Jaya. Mean peak or mountain peak and Jaya means 'victory', 'win' or 'noble'.

GEOLOGY
Puncak Jaya is the highest point in the middle range, which was created in the late Miocene Melanesian Orogeny, caused by the oblique collision between the Australian and Pacific plates and are made from middle Miocene limestone.

ACCESS
Access to the peak requires a government license. The mountain was closed to tourists and climbers between 1995 and 2005. In 2006, access is possible through a variety of adventure travel agency.

GLACIER
While the peak of Puncak Jaya is free of ice, there are several glaciers on the slopes, including the Carstensz Glacier, West Northwall Firn, Northwall East Firn and new Meren Glacier disappeared. Being equatorial, there is little variation in the average temperature during the year (around 0.5 ° C) and the glaciers fluctuate on a seasonal basis only slightly. However, the analysis so far rare equatorial glaciers from historical records show significant retreat since the 1850's, around the time of maximum Little Ice Age which mainly affected the northern hemisphere, showing regional warming of about 0.6 ° C per century between 1850 and 1972.

Glaciers in Puncak Trikora Maoke Mountains disappear completely some time between 1939 and 1962. Since the 1970s, evidence from satellite imagery shows Puncak Jaya glaciers have retreated quickly. Meren Glacier melt sometime between 1994 and 2000. An expedition led by paleoclimatologist Lonnie Thompson in 2010 found that the glaciers receding at a rate of seven meters per year and will disappear in four to five years.

ASCENT
Puncak Jaya is one of the more demanding ride in one version of the Seven Summits peak bagging list. (It was replaced by Mount Kosciuszko in the other versions.) It is held to the highest technical rank, though not the greatest physical demands of that list's ascents. Standard route up the north face and along the summit ridge, which is all hard rock surface. Despite the large mine, the area is not accessible for pedestrians and the general public, which requires a 100-km hike from the nearest town with an airport, Timika, to the base camp, which usually takes about four or five days each way.
Be sure to desires and your money is safe with us and are confident that you successfully complete the expedition and please carefully read our terms and conditions. Be sure to desires and your money is safe with us and are confident that you successfully complete the expedition and please carefully read our terms and conditions.
Be sure to desires and your money is safe with us and are confident that you successfully complete the expedition and please carefully read our terms and conditions.
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